In social psychology, locus of control is a term which refers to the extent to which individuals believe that they. Describes the health locus of control hlc scale, an areaspecific measure of expectancies regarding locus of control developed for prediction of health related behavior. The predecessor of the mhlc scales, the i iitem uni dimensional health locus of control hlc scale developed in 1976 by wallston, was a healthspecific. The most widely used scale within the medical profession today is the multidimensional health locus of control mhlc scale landsbergis, schnall, baker, 1994. In their initial scale development study, wallston, et al. The health locus of control model is based on rotters social learning theory rotter 1954. The italian version of phloc was administered to 470 mothers of birth to 3yearold children. Many of the unhappy things in peoples lives are partly due to bad luck. Rotters locus of control scale for each question select the statement that you agree with the most 1. The mhlc scale contains three forms that each include 6 questions that are compared and scored wallsten, 2007. Chance if i get sick, it is my own behavior that determines how soon i get well. However, unlike locus of control, hardly any effort has been undertaken to assess the construct. The aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of this instrument in a culture characterized by external control beliefs and learned helplessnesscontrary to the societal context of original. Development and validation of the health locus of control hlc scale article pdf available in journal of consulting and clinical psychology 444.
An external locus of control is the opposite, with power and responsibility belonging to outside forces. Two validation studies, one with 44 male and 44 female college students and the other with 34 overweight women, demonstrated the discriminant validity of the hlc in contrast with rotters internalexternal control scale. Locus of control, quality of life, anxiety, and depression. All electronic rights to this instrument are owned by deerfield behavioral health, inc. The benefits of this were specified in a research study that looked at the potential health effects of the locus of control trait. The concept of locus of control the psychology notes. Reliability and validity of the multidimensional health locus of. Those with an external locus of control tend to feel fatalistic and place little trust in their ability to influence their own physical condition.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the multidimensional health locus of control form c. Multidimensional health locus of control mhlc forms a. Development of multidimensional health locus of control. Research on the relationship between selfesteem and locus of control has shown that the two constructs are significantly related, with a tendency for high selfesteem to be strongly linked to an internal locus of control, an individuals. For those who are studying the relationship between religious beliefs and health, we have also developed the god locus of health control glhc scale. Control beliefs and multidimensional health locus of control locus of controlis one type of control belief that has several competitors when it comes to explaining and predicting health related outcomes. Multiple dimensions of health locus of control in a representative. Other psychological constructs similar to locus of control are perceived selfef. Multidimensional health locus of control scales and the chronic pain self efficacy scale were administered to 28 males and 33 females ages 28 to 72 completing chronic back pain rehabilitation. To measure the sense of responsibility for ones health, the multidimensional health locus of control scale mhlc is applied.
However, the role of health beliefs in preconception health program outcomes has. The health locus of control scale is recommended in conjunction with behavioral measures to evaluate health education programs. A b s t r a c t preconception health programs have resulted in improved health behaviors among participants and have shown promise in reducing adverse birth outcomes. Pdf the multidimensional health locus of control scale.
The multidimensional health locus of control scale sage journals. The locus of control of an individual can either be internal or external. Locus of control among individuals with different pain. This scale was developed during the mid20th century by ken wallston and colleagues.
You may not change or store the instrument in spreadsheet, database, word processing or other file formats andor programs. Control variables included illness burden, hiv status, gender, africanamerican descent, internal health locus of control and chance health locus of control. Contradictory evidence exists on the multidimensional health locus of control scale s factor structure and the psychometric equivalence between form a and form b. Level of care utilization system for psychiatric and. Desire for control dc or need for control has frequently been proposed as an important personality characteristic and as a possible crucial moderator within the fields of achievement, psychological adaptation, stress, and health. Reliability and validity of the multidimensional health locus of control scale in japan. The locus of control idea is based on what psychologists call social learning theory. Rotter developed the ie scale as a means of assessing individuals dispositional beliefs as to whether their reinforcements or valued outcomes were due to their own behavior. Contradictory evidence exists on the multidimensional health locus of control scales factor structure and the psychometric equivalence. Past research has raised concern about the possible confounding of desires for control with expectancies about control as measured in the mhlc scales. Pdf development and validation of the health locus of. The influence of health locus of control on the patient.
Psychometric properties of the multidimensional health. This blog explores the locus of control scale, how to identify a clients location on the scale, the implications and influences of locus of control from a hypnotherapy perspecticve, and how to help the client achieve a more balanced position, leading to a more engaged, empowered and emotionally responsible client. Relationship with demographic factors and health related behavior. Control mhlc scale, developed by wallston and wallston 1978, contains three subscales. Validation of the parent health locus of control scales in. University students n 359 completed the multidimensional health locus of control and general selfefficacy scales. While not all attempts to correlate the two have been successful, it is widely accepted that health related locus of control is significantly associated with a variety of health. Varimax rotated confirmatory factor analysis identified the six original subscales, namely child, divine, fate, media, parental, and. Mental health components and locus of control 3 abstract using ryffs positive psychological theory as a conceptual framework, this research was focused on mental health to explore the degree to which mental health can. Multidimensional health locus of control mhlc forms a and b. Locus of control and its relationship with mental health and adjustment among adolescent females madhu jain 1, suyesha singh 2 1 department of psychology, university of rajasthan, jaipur, rajasthan, india 2 department of amity institute of behavioral and. Sarah ryan rgn phd msc bsc frcn, alison carr phd, in rheumatology, 2010. After a brief history of the development of the concept of locus of control, various oft. Scale 1620 and the fetal health locus of control scale 21.
Control mhlc scale is used to measure the degree to which an individual feels that their own actions. Social learning theory suggests that an expectation is reinforced2 when the expected events or behavior actually occur in the future. The scale utilizes a forcedchoice between two alternatives, requiring respondents to choose just one of two possibilities for each item. The purpose of study 2 was to establish the construct and discriminant validity of the parental locus of control ploc scale. Internal those with an internal locus of control are more likely to to adopt health behaviours because they believe that they are in control of their lives. Children get into trouble because their patents punish them too much. Development and validation of the health locus of control. A convenience sample of 118 malaysian breast cancer patients voluntarily participated in the study and responded to a set of questionnaires including. Reliability and validity of the multidimensional locus of. Through this scale, the participant is given two viewpoints from which to choose, and of those viewpoints, one gives credit towards the self, or internal. The threefactor model had better fit and parsimony in both forms. The trouble with most children nowadays is that their parents are too easy with them.
The multidimensional health locus of control mhlc scales are widely used to characterize a persons beliefs about control over health outcomes. Researchers found that of more than 7,500 british adults followed. Pereira3 introduction estimates indicate that 80% of elderly have health prob lems that predispose them to the development of chronic pain. Expectancy data, such as provided by health locus of control scales, will add to the understanding of the change or lack of change in behaviors.
Locus of control, selfefficacy, and physical and mental health demonstrated treatmentrelated changes, with notable improvements in physical and. Reliability and validity of the multidimensional health. Form c of the multidimensional health locus of control scales mhlcc was designed to investigate health related control beliefs of persons with an existing medical condition. Multidimensional health locus of control scales springerlink. An internal locus of control means you place the power and the burden of responsibility firmly in your own hands. In recent decades, a great deal of research has linked internal locus of control to positive health beliefs and behaviors. Data analyses yielded a fivefactor solution with acceptable indices of reliability. In 1966, rotter published a scale designed to measure and assess external and internal locus of control. Health locus of control hloc is a psychological con.
It proposes that health behaviours are predicted by the extent to which an individual believes they can perform the behaviour and that it will be effective. Pdf this study examined the psychometric equivalence of forms a and b of the multidimensional health locus of control scale in a sample. Multidimensional health locus of control mhlc scales. Internalexternal locus of control loc of reinforcement is a generalized expectancy construct consistent with julian rotters social learning theory rotter, 1954. Pdf contradictory evidence exists on the multidimensional health locus of control scales factor structure and the psychometric equivalence. Those with an internal locus of control, in contrast, would rather actively take charge of their health. According to rotter, our locus of control can affect a person in their decision to adopt a health behaviour. We would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. The purpose of this tool is to assess a persons beliefs regarding his or her health status as to whether it is determined by the persons actions as opposed to fate or luck. The validity of the multidimensional health locus of. The glhc contains 6 items and can be used alone or in conjunction with one of the forms of the mhlc. Locus of control and its relationship with mental health. Raw scores were used for variables at the personlevel and the family mean of each variable was introduced at the familylevel. The ploc and seven additional scales assessing related personality constructs were administered to two groups of parents.